There are three kinds of Epoxy floor paint, 100 percent solid epoxy, solvent/oil based, and water based. As its classification implies, the 100 percent epoxy is pure epoxy paint, it does not contain any substances that dilute it. This kind of epoxy paint is thick and strong, however, it can be difficult to handle for non professional painters because it dries pretty much immediately after application and because it is so thick, it won't penetrate small cracks in the concrete.
Oil/Solvent based epoxy paint can contain up to 40 percent of solvent that are mostly volatile substances. This kind of epoxy paint has good coverage and is liquid enough to get into small cracks and imperfections in the concrete. However, this paint has some disadvantages primarily attributed to the solvents added to it, they evaporate rapidly and are dangerous when inhaled directly and for a prolonged period of time.
Water based epoxy paints are the safest route for the amateur painter, they are readily available in most paint stores, they do not give off harmful fumes when drying, and they contain the same amount of epoxy as the solvent based epoxy floor paint.
Because the Epoxy floor paint is unlike ordinary house paint, the surface to be painted will also require a more meticulous preparation for the paint job to last a lifetime. The concrete floor will need to be scrubbed clean multiple times to take out hardened dirt and substance spills; concrete cleaner or industrial strength soap may be used for this.
In order for the paint to adhere properly to the concrete, some people use a technique called acid etching of the concrete, this involves washing and scrubbing the concrete with 1 part muriatic acid diluted in 10 parts of water, this will roughen the concrete enough so the epoxy paint can bond properly with the floor surface. Large cracks and holes will need to be filled with crack fillers as these cannot be hidden by epoxy floor paint.
After all these preparations are made, you are now ready to paint your garage floor, at least two coatings with 16-20 hours of drying time between coatings is recommended by most manufacturers. For safety reasons, the last coating could be mixed with non slip granules or sand to prevent slippery surfaces whenever the floor gets wet. As with all home improvement activities, it is important to wear the proper safety gear such as gloves, boots and respirators to ward off chemicals and prevent any untoward incidents.
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